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专访颜海平教授:清华学堂世文班助力清华大学人文学科建设迈向新高度

原创 2018-01-03    王晓珊    21世纪英语传媒

全面推进本科教育教学改革、建设高水平本科教育体系、提升本科教育质量是清华大学近年来综合改革的重要目标。清华大学提出,一流大学和一流学科建设的关键在于培养一流的人才。本科教育是培养一流人才最重要的基础,也是最能体现学校传统和特色的地方。一流本科教育是一流大学的底色,本科教育水平的提升,是实现建设世界一流大学的目标根本。在综合改革进程中,要进一步突出本科教育在育人过程中基础性、全局性的地位。

Unfolding all-round reform in undergraduate education and teaching, developing high-level undergraduate educational system, and promoting undergraduate education quality have been the most important goals of Tsinghua’s comprehensive reform over the past several years. Excellent undergraduate education is the most important foundation for cultivating first-class talents. It reveals the traditions and characteristics of the university. First-class undergraduate education being the foundation for first-class university, improving undergraduate education thus becomes the key to achieve the goal of developing into a first-class university in the world. In the course of the comprehensive reform, Tsinghua should further emphasize the fundamental and overall importance of undergraduate education.

在前不久结束的清华大学本科教学工作审核评估中,教育部由国内和国际专家组成的审核评估组对清华大学本科教学情况进行全面深入的考察后表示,清华大学将本科教育列为综合改革核心内容这一改革举措具有前沿性和示范性。学校通过综合改革,以育人为中心,创新人才培养模式,加大对本科教育的投入,为人才培养提供了有力保障。专家组高度肯定了清华大学近年来实施的“清华学堂人才培养计划”(以下简称“学堂计划”),认为该项目为追求学术理想、勇攀科学高峰的优秀本科生提供了最优秀的本科教育。

Not long ago, in the review and assessment of Tsinghua’s undergraduate teaching, a group of domestic and international scholars rallied by the Ministry of Education have concluded that Tsinghua has made a leading and demonstrative move in orienting its comprehensive reform to the development of undergraduate education. The comprehensive reform is centered on cultivating talents, innovating talent-developing schemes, and dedicating greater efforts to developing undergraduate education. All of these efforts have well-sustained Tsinghua’s goal of talent-cultivation. The scholars have highly commended Tsinghua Xuetang Talents Program. They believed that the program offers the best undergraduate education for the most talented undergraduates who are eager to pursue academic ideals and new heights in science.

据了解,“学堂计划”是清华大学于2009年推出的拔尖人才培养计划,旨在将学校各方面办学优势转化为提高人才培养质量的优势,汇聚一流师资力量,营造浓厚学术氛围,创造良好成才环境,激励优秀学生潜心学术发展,争当拔尖创新人才成长征程上的“领跑者”。学校聘请学术造诣深厚、教学经验丰富、具有国际视野和学术造诣的一流学者担任学堂班首席教授,并将开启百年清华历史的清华学堂辟为学堂班专用教学场所。目前,清华学堂数学班、物理班、钱学森力学班、计算机科学实验班、化学班、生命科学班、世文班均已开班。

Tsinghua Xuetang Talents Program, launched in 2009, is designed to transform the advantages of teaching into the advantages of improving the quality of talent-cultivation. It rallies the first-class professors, fosters a strong academic culture, and encourages talents to devote themselves to academic and scientific researches. The program intends to take a leading role in the course of cultivating innovative talents. Tsinghua invites well-educated and well-experienced first-class professors, who have broadened horizons and plentiful academic achievements, as the chief professors in the program. Besides, Tsinghua Xuetang, the teaching building entailed a hundred year of history, has come into use as the teaching venue reserved for the program. Currently, Tsinghua Xuetang Math Program, Physics Program, Tsien’s Elite Program in Mechanics, Computer Science Program, Chemical Science Program, Life Science Program, and World Literatures and Cultures Program have all been formally opened.

其中的世文班,即是由外文系与世界文学与文化研究院共建,外文系主任、世界文学与文化研究院院长颜海平任首席教授的清华学堂世文班(以下简称“世文学堂班”),于2017年4月正式加入“学堂计划”,为首个“学堂计划”的文科班。“以往‘学堂计划’主要面向理工科,世文学堂班的加入,是学校对人文学科建设高度重视的体现,是清华中外人文师生提升自身的全球胜任力、向着‘更创新、更国际、更人文’的愿景发奋前行的创新平台。”颜海平说。

World Literatures and Cultures Program is cofounded by the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures (DFLL) and the Institute of World Literatures and Cultures (IWLC). The Program has formally entered Tsinghua Xuetang Talents Program in April, 2017, as the first and only liberal arts subject in the program. Director of the department and institute, chief professor in the program, Yan Haiping, said “Tsinghua Xuetang Talents Program has been centering on science subjects in the past. The entrance of IWLC today marks that Tsinghua places high premium on the development of its liberal arts subjects. The institute is an innovative field for both Chinese and international students and professors in Tsinghua’s liberal arts subjects to better themselves in global-competence, to develop themselves to be ‘more innovative, more international, and more humanity-oriented’.”

目标:由阐释世界以叙述中国 以叙述中国而影响世界

Goal: Narrating China through Interpreting the World; Influencing the World through Narrating China

采访中记者了解到,世界文学与文化实验班成为“学堂计划”的首个文科班并非偶然。自建班伊始,它就以明确的定位、鲜明的特色和创新的理念受到校内、外同行关注。

The interviewer noticed that it was not a coincidence for the institute’s becoming the first liberal arts subject in the Tsinghua Xuetang Talents Program. Since its opening, the institute has not only caught the attention of Tsinghua but also the attention of its peers outside of the school for its clear goals, strong characteristics and innovative ideals.

2014年9月,在美国一流高校执教20年,主要从事现代中西文学、欧美思想史、跨文化理论研究与教学,以上海首批“千人计划”特聘国际专家身份回国的颜海平接受清华大学邀请赴外文系上任,同时主持世界文学与文化研究院(以下简称“世文院”)的筹建工作。2014年12月世文院获准成立,2016年4月正式揭牌。世文院旨在通过建设跨语种、跨学科、跨文化的人文教研平台和聚焦共性的时代命题,汇聚和培养具有在国际环境中能够把握不同文明逻辑并与之谈判的人文能力,由阐释世界以叙述中国、以叙述中国而影响世界,为中国人文学术和国家战略暨国际社会文化在交汇交融中发展所需要的优秀人才。学校决策成立世文院,为清华外文人文的发展更上一层楼提供了强有力的支持。

Professor Yan Haiping has been teaching in the first-class universities in the USA for 20 years. Her main research fields include contemporary Chinese and Western literatures, history of Western thoughts, transcultural theories study and teaching. As a member in the first group of distinguished professors in 1000 Talents Plan, Professor Yan Haiping was invited to lead the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures and to direct the preparation and construction of the Institute of World Literatures and Cultures in September, 2014. In December, 2014, Tsinghua authorized the opening of the institute and in April, 2016, the institute was formally opened. Being designed to develop a multilingual, interdisciplinary and transcultural teaching and researching platform of humanity, the institute is dedicated to cultivating talents who are capable of understanding and applying logics of different cultures. It aims to narrate China through interpreting the world and to influence the world through narrating China, so as to cultivate talents who are needed in the merge of Chinese humanities, national strategies and international social cultures. The decision to establish the institute offers a fundamental support for the development of liberal arts in Tsinghua. 

2016年4月,世界文学与文化研究院揭牌。(左一:世文院院长颜海平;左二:清华大学党委书记陈旭;右二:密歇根大学国际事务副校长詹姆斯•霍洛威;右一:清华大学原副教务长郑力。)

April, 2016, Opening Ceremony of Institute of World Literatures and Cultures. (First left, director of the institute, Yan Haiping. Second left, Chen Xu, Party Secretary of Tsinghua. Second right, James Holloway, Vice Provost for Global Engagement and Interdisciplinary Academic Affairs. First right, Zheng Li, former Vice Provost of Tsinghua University. )

外文系与世文院共建的世界文学与文化实验班于2015、2016和2017年分别招收本科生10名、12名和15名,三届世文班于2017年共同作为“世文学堂班”入驻清华学堂。

World Literatures and Cultures experimental class, jointly launched by the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures and the Institute of World Literatures and Cultures, has made 10, 12, and 15 recruitments respectively in 2015, 2016, and 2017. The three grades of classes have formally entered Tsinghua Xuetang in 2017.

颜海平表示,“学堂计划”的核心理念之一是培养优秀的国际化学术型人才,使之成为能发挥引领和示范作用的基础学科领域“领跑者”。对于理工科学生国际能力的衡量标准相对明确,例如,论文发表刊物所属的级别、科学研究所取得的突破性成果是否为国际公认等。但如何理解在中国教育环境下培养的中国文科学生在国际人文领域中具有‘领跑’能力对于人文学科是一个重要命题。

Yan Haiping noted that the core idea of Tsinghua Xuetang Talents Program is to cultivate international academic talents, making them leading and demonstrative “frontrunners” in basic disciplinary fields. For science students, the metrics for their international competence are very clear. For instance, whether or not their papers are published in top-tiered journals, or whether their scientific achievements are recognized globally. However, for humanity subjects, what counts the most is to answer “how to understand Chinese students’ capacity of being ‘frontrunners’ on the international stage while being educated in China”. 

“我们可以从各种不同的角度去理解,但学理定位其实标准又相对明晰。‘由阐释世界以叙述中国,以叙述中国而影响世界’就是它的定位。”颜海平说,“从人文学生培养的角度而言,‘由阐释世界以叙述中国’,即让学生有到位的知识能力对世界上主要民族、主要区域的语言文化进行研究和把握;‘以叙述中国而影响世界’,即这种到位的知识能力本身要求并内含着对中华语言文明、社会价值的创新传承的高度自觉。二者相辅相成。”

 “We can understand it from different perspectives, but we should always keep our academic principles strict and relatively clear. “ ‘Narrating China through interpreting the world; influencing the world through narrating China’ is our goal,” said Yan Haiping. “From the perspective of cultivating liberal arts students, ‘narrating China through interpreting the world’ refers to the goal to cultivate students to be knowledgeable enough to understand and to do researches on cultures of major ethnic groups and regions in the world; ‘influencing the world through narrating China’ refers to students’ high awareness of Chinese linguistic cultures and the innovative heritages of Chinese social values. The two goals reinforce each other.”

颜海平认为,创立中国现代高等教育的第一代国际化学人尝试深入认知并把握现代西方最精华的部分,回到祖国后创造性地使用所学精华以更新中华文明的命脉,以各自的专业重点相互配合,开拓了在思路上是中西融会,内涵上是双重创新的中国人文学术、人文文化的发展路径。这些奠基人、开拓者都对不同的文明体系通过极为艰苦的学习和心智拓展,获得了某种整体性的把握。

Yan Haiping noted that the first generation of international scholars cultivated by modern Chinese higher education manage to learn and internalize the essences of modern Western cultures. After coming back to China, they have creatively applied these knowledge together with their professional knowledge to renovate Chinese civilization. In doing so, they have exploited a new path for Chinese humanity subjects and liberal arts cultures to develop. These scholars, as pioneers and founders of Chinese liberal arts, have an over-all understanding of all kinds of civilization systems through diligent study and arduous mental training.

清华人文、清华文科、清华文化本身,作为现代中国的重要构成部分,从诞生的那一刻起,就是以跨国界、跨文化、跨文明的创新思路和学习方式为特色、为风格。清华外文世文“由阐释世界以叙述中国,以叙述中国而影响世界”的学理定位和发展实践,是清华人文传承在更新中延伸的一个部分。

Tsinghua humanity, liberal arts subjects in Tsinghua and the culture of Tsinghua per se are important parts and parcels of modern China. They have been transnational, transcultural and trans-civilization since their birth. The academic guiding principles of “narrating China through interpreting the world; influencing the world through narrating China” are parts of the extensions of Tsinghua’s liberal arts tradition.

指导原则:厚基础、重实践、求创新

Guiding Principles: Building strong academic capacities, emphasizing academic practices, pursuing academic innovations

颜海平介绍道,世文学堂班加入“学堂计划”为理工科学堂班“厚基础、重实践、求创新”的指导原则增加了新的维度。

Yan Haiping noted that the experimental class’s entrance in Tsinghua Xuetang Talents Program has added a new dimension to the guiding principles of the program, namely “building strong academic capacities, emphasizing academic practices, pursuing academic innovations”.

世文学堂班学生在进行小组讨论。

 Students in the experimental class are discussing.

“厚基础”指向的是双语养成以及内含的跨文化能力。颜海平认为,中国高校英(外)文教育,作为所有专业人才的基础部分,不能滞留在一般“听说读写”职业技能训练层面,必须进入实质提升“全球沟通能力”的教学阶段。世文学堂班的学生来自具有推荐保送生资格的外国语学校及国内优秀的高中学校,入校之时已具备优异的英语听说读写基本技能。对这些具有双语、多语特质和潜质的学生来说,外文不再仅仅是一种技能性工具,更是一种实践和实现跨国界的人文对话和认知会通的方式。他们在外文的学习体认中获得对母语的自觉和理解,在深化母语自觉和能力的过程中强化提升外文能力。

“Building strong academic capacities” refers to the transcultural capacity contained in and cultivated by dual language. Yan Haiping noted that foreign language education in Chinese universities, as the academic foundation of professional talents, should never be confined on the level of vocational training, namely the training of listening, speaking, reading and writing skills. Instead, the education must aim at improving students’ “global communication capacity”. All of the students in the experimental class were recommended to Tsinghua from either foreign languages high schools or other excellent high schools. They are already profound in basic foreign language skills before they come to Tsinghua. For these students with bilingual and even multilingual capacities and potentials, foreign languages are far more than a tool, but more of a practice and a way of conducting transnational humanity dialogue, recognition and communication. Through learning foreign languages, they have acquired a deeper awareness and understanding of their mother tongue. In return, the awareness and understanding of their mother tongue reinforce and improve their foreign language capacity.

“语言是一种媒介,通过这个媒介进入文化经纬;文化经纬是一种载体,通过这个载体进入文明脉络;文明脉络是一种通道,通过这个通道可以达到价值传承。从这个意义上讲,世文学堂班的学生对于‘厚基础’的指向,就必须具有能够与不同的文化、文明逻辑相遇、交流、交锋、交融、谈判的能力,这就是我们称之为跨文化沟通的能力。”颜海平说。

 “Language is a medium, through which people enter the spectacular of cultures; culture is a medium, through which people enter the world of civilization; civilization is a path, through which thoughts and values are carried forward. From this sense, the students, in order to meet the goal of having strong academic capacity, must be able to face, to communicate, to compete, to merge and to negotiate with different cultural and civilizational logic. This is what we call the capacity of transcultural communication,” said Yan Haiping.

从“重实践”的角度而言,人文学科实践的一个重要方面是同与自己具有不同文明背景的人进行交流,这种交流是人和人之间的深度沟通。“人文包含了一般意义上的职业和专业;同时它包含着一个人的精神气质,这种精神气质反映了其所在的环境,凝聚着一方水土的精华,蕴含着所属文明的全部信息。”颜海平说。对世文学堂班学生而言,其实践内容包括在世文研讨课、世文学术谈、世文国际学术论坛等一系列国内、国际学术工作坊及研讨会上发言、讨论或翻译。

From the perspective of “emphasizing academic practices”, one of the most important practices for liberal arts students is to communicate with people who are of different cultural backgrounds. The communication should be an in-depth one. “Liberal arts contain not only a general sense of vocation and profession, but also the spiritual disposition of an individual. The spiritual disposition reflects one’s living environment, the essences of one’s culture and all the information of one’s civilization,” said Yan Haiping. For students in the experimental class, the academic practices include speaking at, discussing in and translating for domestic and international academic workshops, such as world literatures and cultures seminars, lunch talk, international academic symposiums.

2016年12月,清华大学发起成立了“中英高等教育人文联盟”,世文院承办了第一届“中英人文对话”峰会论坛。这是首次以中国高校(由清华提议)发起、包括牛津大学、伦敦大学亚非学院、北京大学、复旦大学等十二所中英核心高校共同推动的人文学术界的国际学术协会。

In December, 2016, Tsinghua launched an initiative, China-UK Association for the Humanities in Higher Education. The Institute of World Literatures and Cultures has staged the first symposium of China-UK Dialogue on the Humanities in Higher Education. This is the first time when Chinese universities (initiated by Tsinghua University) rally with 12 first-rank universities in the world, including University of Oxford, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, Peking University, Fudan University, to jointly promote liberal arts fields.

2016年12月,世文学堂班学生在“中英大学人文对话”论坛上发言。

December, 2016, students in IWLC experimental class spoke at China-UK Association for the Humanities in Higher Education Symposium.

2017年12月,世文院和牛津大学中国中心承办了第二届峰会论坛。变革的世界局势对中国人文学界提出了参与引领和界定具有普遍性的世界人文命题的历史要求,“中英高等教育人文联盟”的成立正是对于这一要求的回应和实践,对于深化中外人文学术交流、培养具备扎实人文基础和世界视野的高水平青年领跑者具有积极意义和作用。世文学堂班学生代表两次全程参会、登台发言,其优异的双语能力、开阔的世界视野、扎实的人文基础、热忱的对话风格给嘉宾学者们留下了深刻印象,在国际舞台上留下了清华人文自强日新的青春光华。

In December, 2017, the Institute of World Literatures and Cultures together with University of Oxford China Center has staged a second conference. The constantly reforming world has raised to Chinese liberal arts fields a historical requirement to lead and define a universal topic for global humanity. The establishment of China-UK Association for the Humanities in Higher Education is exactly a response to and implementation of this requirement. The association is a positive motivation to deepen academic communications between liberal arts fields in China and in the world, and to cultivate high-level youth frontrunners who have profound liberal arts background and international outlook. Student representatives from the experimental class have participated in and spoken at the two conferences. Their excellent bilingual capacities, broad international outlook, solid humanity knowledge, passionate expressing style have deeply impressed scholars and attendees in the conferences. They have shown to the world the radiance and power of Tsinghua humanity subjects.

2017年12月,第二届中英高等教育人文联盟学术论坛在牛津大学举行。联盟主席、清华大学党委书记陈旭和英国文化教育协会首席执行官邓克然爵士出席并致辞。

In December, 2017, the Second China-UK Dialogue on the Humanity in Higher Education was held in the University of Oxford. The president of the association, Party Secretary of Tsinghua University, Chen Xu and CEO of the British Council, Sir Ciarán Devane, made speeches in the conference.

论坛大合影。

Group photo of the attendees in the conference.

此外,世文学堂班的实践还包括更具体的人生实践——大三学年出国留学。“学生在国外如何有效利用时间、对自己有什么期待,老师们都会进行有针对性的指导。事实上,他们在留学期间应为自己树立某种最高的追求目标。”颜海平表示。 

Besides, there’s a more specific practice for the experimental class, namely going on an exchange program abroad for a year, which is a treasured life experience to the students. “Professors will specifically give instructions to students on how to effectively use time when they are abroad and on what to expect from themselves. In fact, they should set a highest goal for themselves to pursue when they are overseas,” said Yan Haiping. 

在颜海平看来,目前我国人文学科的发展要求,类似于工业革命时期剧变中的英国,或许更有点像二战后美国的状态,但我们没有当时美国所拥有的来源于欧洲那样的几个世纪的积累。我们是发展中国家,准备和资源有限。出于同样的原因,我们拥有的是现代中国历史上最重要的机遇。“求创新”即指向我们要在这样的机遇面前取得变革,就不能顺循着外部压力,而必须是主动的,因此也一定是创新的。

In her point of view, the requirements China currently makes on liberal arts subjects are similar with those of Britain’s, when Britain was in the upheaval of Industrial Revolution, or those of the USA’s, after the Second World War. However, China doesn’t have the several centuries’ cultural accumulations inherited from Europe. As a developing country, China is limited in its preparations and resources. But it’s exactly because of this that China is welcoming its most important opportunity that has ever happened in its modern history. “Pursuing academic innovation” refers to us striving for innovations and reformations in facing with this historical opportunity. It requires us to be active in reforming while being resistant to the pressures given by the world. Thus, the reformations must be innovative.

课程体系:中西融汇、古今贯通、文理渗透

Curriculum system: Integrating Chinese and Western cultures, linking ancient and modern traditions, communicating art and scientific knowledge.

在颜海平看来,要实现世文学堂班的培养目标,让学生获得在国际人文领域“领跑”的能力,落实到具体的教学实践中,就要在培养方案和课程体系中接承与更新清华“中西融汇、古今贯通、文理渗透”的文化传统和育人理念。

In Yan Haiping’s opinion, it is essential to carry forward the cultural traditions and educational ideas of “integrating Chinese and Western cultures, linking ancient and modern traditions, communicating art and scientific knowledge” , so as to achieve the goals of the experimental class, namely, to equip students with “frontrunning” capacity and to instruct them to fully use the capacity in academic practices.

2017年5月,“清华-密歇根研究员学会:首届世文论坛”在清华大学举行。(左一:清华大学副校长杨斌;左二:密歇根研究员协会主席Donald Lopez;右二:清华大学原党委副书记胡显章;右一:世文院院长、外文系主任颜海平)

May, 2017, Tsinghua-Michigan Society of Fellows (TMSF): First IWLC Symposium was held in Tsinghua University. (First left, Vice President of Tsinghua University, Yang Bin; second left, President of Michigan Society of Fellows, Donald Lopez; second right, former Party Secretary of Tsinghua University, Hu Xianzhang; first right, direct of IWLC, dean of the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures, Yan Haiping.)

据其介绍,世文学堂班的课程体系综合了中国大学人文学科的经典课程与欧美大学英文系的经典课程。学生从大一开始就学习“西方文学经典”“中国现代文学经典”“小说阅读与批判思维”等课程,使用的教材均为中英文原典。“英文阅读”“英语听说”等基础课也都以基于古今文化的经典文本为内容,且教材也都是欧美大学使用的原版教材。

According to Yan Haiping, the curriculum for the experimental class has synthesized the classic courses in liberal arts fields and in English Department in both Chinese and Western universities. In their first year, students take courses including “Classics of Western Literature”, “Classics of Contemporary Chinese Literature” and “Fictions-reading and Critical Thinking”, using the origin Chinese and English textbooks. Basic courses such as “English Reading” and “English Listening” are based on ancient and contemporary classic literary texts, using the origin textbooks used in Western universities as well.

为世文学堂班授课的是一支涵盖清华文、史、哲、外相关系别以及来自密歇根大学、康奈尔大学、布朗大学等美国名校、实力雄厚的资深师资团队,他们构成了清华世文授课教授、清华—密歇根博士后研究员和世文院国际资深教授三个“创新、国际、人文”的教学群体。

Courses for the experimental class are given by senior professors in the fields of literature, history, philosophy and foreign languages from Tsinghua University, University of Michigan, Cornell University and Brown University. These scholars form into three “innovative, international and humanity” groupsrespectively teaching in IWLC as basic courses professors, in TMSFas postdoctoral fellows, and in IWLC as international senior professors.

其中,清华世文授课教授除颜海平本人外,还包括外文系副主任、世文学堂班项目主任(班主任)陈永国教授,中文系主任王中忱教授,人文学院副院长、中文系刘石教授,哲学系主任黄裕生教授,原人文学院副院长、现教务处处长历史系教授彭刚等8位人文资深教授。以世文院与密歇根大学密歇根研究员学会于2016年4月合作建立的清华—密歇根研究员学会为机制,从2016年9月起,每年有3名通过密歇根大学两轮评选和清华大学两轮评选胜出的三年制世文博士后研究员加盟世文教学团队。

Among professors teaching in IWLC are professor Yan Haiping, professor Chen Yongguo (Vice Dean of the Department of Languages and Literatures), professor Wang Zhongchen (Dean of Department of Chinese Language and Literature), professor Liu Shi (Vice Director of the School of Humanity, professor in Department of Chinese Language and Literature), professor Huang Yusheng (dean of Department of Philosophy), and professor Peng Gang (former Vice Director of the School of Humanity, current President of Academic Affaris, professor in Department of History). TMSF, cofounded by IWLC and MSF in April, 2016, is recognized as mechanism. Starting from September, 2016, every year there will be 3 new postdoctoral scholars, standing out from two rounds of interviews in University of Michigan and two rounds of interviews in Tsinghua,enrolled to start their three-year teaching in IWLC.

目前到岗的博士后研究员的专业领域涵盖全球视野下的中国文学、英国文学、美国文学、法国文学、德国文学等。世文院聘请了18位美国一流高校的资深学者担任世文院国际资深教授,每年定期为学堂世文班学生讲授专题课。这些学者的研究领域广博,包括比较文学、认知科学、哲学及艺术史、社会性别与伦理、英汉语言学等。

Postdoctoral researchers who are currently in TMSF are professional in the Chinese literature, English literature, American literature, French literature and German literature under a global vision. So far, IWLC has invited 18 senior scholars from first-class universities in America as international senior professors in IWLC. These scholars, with broad research fields including comparative literature, cognitive sciences, philosophy, art history, social gender and ethics and Chinese and English linguistics, will give seminars to the experimental class every year on a regular base.

颜海平特别提到,从2018年9月起,每年将有一位具有文理兼通学术背景的博士后加盟世文教学团队,推动“文理渗透”课程的建设。“‘文理渗透’落实到教学实践中是可行的,我们需要一个案例、一个案例地进行建设。”颜海平说。

Yan Haiping highlighted that from September, 2018, IWLC will enroll one postdoctoral scholar with both scientific and artistic backgrounds to push forward the constructions of “Communication of Art and Science” course. “It is viable to apply the notion of ‘communicating art and science’ in teaching. We need to construct the project step by step, case by case,” said Yan Haiping.

记者了解到,世文学堂班的课程具有很高的深度与广度要求。开设“中国现代文学经典”课程的王中忱表示,近代以来人文学科的一个特点是分科越来越细,所以中国语言文学和外国语言文学被划分为两个系科。世文学堂班的构想是反省这种分科过细的问题,创造一种新的人文学科,因此,从大一学年开始,他就将中国现代文学放在世界文学的大格局中指导学生学习。

The interviewer noticed that the experimental class is strict with its courses in depth and distance. Professor Wang Zhongchen, who gives the course “Classic Literatures in Contemporary China” for the experimental class, noted that one of the characteristics of liberal arts in contemporary era is an increasingly specified division to the field. For instance, Chinese language and literature and Foreign languages and literatures are divided as two subjects rather than one. The conception of the experimental class is to reflect upon the issue of over-specifying the liberal arts field, and to create a new liberal arts subject instead. Thus, he instructs students to understand Chinese literature under the framework of world literature since they were freshmen.

世文学堂班班主任陈永国告诉记者,世文学堂班学生要将古今中外经典的研读尤其是中西古今经典的研读作为学习基础,批判性思维和学术写作方面的训练尤甚。“他们在入校时就已充分意识到自己所肩负的历史使命,并对学业的难度从一定程度上做好了心理准备。”陈永国说。

Form teacher of the experimental class, professor Chen Yongguo, told the interviewer that students in the experimental class should see close-reading of Chinese and foreign classics, especially the training of critical thinking and academic writing as foundations of their studies. “They have clear and full awareness to the responsibilities that they shoulder the second when they stepped into Tsinghua. They are mentally prepared of how demanding the courses will be,” said Chen Yongguo.

颜海平尤为重视大学一、二年级的课程设置,在她看来,这两年是一个人世界观形成和心智状态成型的关键期。教师既要让学生获得认知地图和心智成长的环境,又要为学生留出足够的空间让其找到学习的最佳点。“当然,让学生独立做决定不意味着老师对他们没有到位的指导、没有深入的关心。”

 Yan Haiping is especially cautious about the design of the curriculum for first and second year students. In her opinion, the first two years in college is vital to the formation of an individual’s worldview and mentality. It is professors’ job to create a favorable environment for students to build their cognitive map and mentality step by step, in the meanwhile, leaving space for them to find the best way to study. “Of course, leaving students with space to independently make decisions for themselves does not necessarily mean that professors’ instructions are insufficient or superficial,” said Yan Haiping.

以颜海平教授的经典阅读课程为例,她要求学生从一开始就坚持做读书日记,记录他们认为重要以及个人感兴趣的内容;进而做读书笔记,聚焦他们意识到的系列问题;乃至形成资料长编,涵盖他们探索思考中的专业母题。在布置论文时,颜海平根据学生们从日记到笔记到长编的文、史、哲三类文本内容中选出数十个段落摘录,组合成论文选题的问题,启发学生思考并据此选定自己的论文命题。通过这种方式,学生从最初漫无目标地阅读,发展到将个人阅读体验和研究兴趣结合,聚焦、凝练,逐步形成自己的思想雏形和探索方法。

Taking the “Classics Reading” course given by professor Yan Haiping as an example, she requires students to write reading diaries, recording those that they think are important and interesting; and then she requires them to take reading notes, reflecting upon the issues that they perceive; they are even expected to compile the reference books that they have read, which are supportive to the professional motives that they have been exploring. Before leaving assignments, Yan Haiping excerpts dozens of paragraphs from students’ reading diaries, notes and compilations ranging across the subjects of literature, history and philosophy, from which she integrates into several topics for students to reflect upon. Based on their reflections, students come up with the topic for their papers. In this way, students develop from reading aimlessly to reading with personal preferences, and gradually form their own way of thinking through condensing and sublimating their ideas.

“经过一至两年的学习,他们从还没有知识经验,到后来不仅拥有知识经验,而且获得对知识的思考路径和正宗的双语表达。学生一开口就能显示出自己的能力,这个能力就是国际化的人文能力。”颜海平说。

“After one or two years of study, they develop from lacking of knowledge and experiences to being equipped with not only knowledge and experiences, but also the way of thinking and bilingual capacity. These capacities, which are globalized humanity capacities, can be revealed by the moment when students express their ideas,” said Yan Haiping.

传承百年人文历史  开辟全新人文格局

Carrying forward a hundred year of humanity history 

Mapping out a brand new pattern of humanity

作为世文学堂班首席教授,颜海平深知自己肩负的责任之重。在她看来,面向新百年的清华大学作出这一重要决定,既传承着自身悠久的人文传统,也承载着中国现代进程的需要和期待。

 As chief professor for the experimental class, Yan Haiping knows only too well how heavy the responsibilities are on her shoulder. To her, making this decision in the new century of Tsinghua is not only a carrying forward of the humanity heritage, but also a carrier of the needs and expectations of Chinese modernization.

众所周知,曾经的清华大学是中国人文思想的发祥地之一。1925年,清华学校开办国学研究院,中西合璧、名师荟萃,对中国古典文化进行全面更新的“四大导师”梁启超、陈寅恪、王国维、赵元任为清华奠定了人文传统的深厚基础。1926年建系的外文系培养出了钱钟书、曹禺、杨绛、季羡林、李赋宁、王佐良等一批学界大师,他们为中国现代学术的兴起和发展作出了承前启后的历史性贡献。抗战期间,清华大学与北京大学、南开大学组成的西南联大将三校各有特色的人文传统提升到一个新的高度加以融合,表现了中国大学在国难当头时卓越而深沉的爱国情怀。

 As is known to all, Tsinghua University used to be one of the birthplaces of Chinese humanity ideas. Tsinghua Sinology Institute, opened in 1925, aiming to integrate Chinese and Western knowledge and inviting the most knowledgeable professors, has updated the profound foundations of liberal arts laid by the “Four Tutors”, namely Liang Qichao, Chen Yinque, Wang Guowei and Zhao Yuanren. The Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures, opened in 1926, has cultivated a group of masters including Qian Zhongshu, Cao Yu, Yang Jiang, Ji Xianlin, Li Funing, and Wang Zuoliang. All of them have made historic contributions for the rise and development of Chinese modern academy. During the War of Resistance, Tsinghua University, Peking University and Nankai University cofounded the National SouthWest Associated University, where the liberal arts traditions are fused and elevated to an ever higher level. The National SouthWest Associated University is a symbol of the deep patriotism shared by Chinese universities in the time of national calamity.

1952年的全国高校院系调整使清华的人文学科消失在历史长河中,清华也一度被深深打上了“工科院校”的烙印。1983年,清华大学以《关于清华大学建设文科的全面报告》的形式向教育部党组做了正式汇报,并将自己定位为“以工科为主,理、文、管理学科相结合的综合性大学”,清华文科加速回归。然而,院系调整后,清华的人文系科都被并入其他高校,恢复文科的难度可想而知,但这并没有阻碍文科复建开拓者们的决心与热忱。

 Since 1952, due to the adjustment to academic subjects, liberal arts subjects in Tsinghua has experienced a serious decline. This has directly caused an impression that people have always had about Tsinghua, namely, “Tsinghua is a science school”. In 1983, Tsinghua made a comprehensive report on thereconstruction of its liberal arts subjects to the Party organization of the Ministry of Education. Tsinghua identifies itself as “a comprehensive university dominating in technology subjects, supplemented by science, liberal arts and management subjects”, expecting a fast renewal of its liberal arts subjects. However, after the modification of departments, Tsinghua’s liberal arts subjects were merged into other universities. As one can imagine how arduous it was to revive Tsinghua liberal arts, one could as well be overwhelmed by how passionate and determined the scholars were in revitalizing it.

颜海平记得,自上世纪80年代末自己在康奈尔大学攻读博士学位起,清华大学历届校领导和前辈学者如何关怀自己在国际环境中的深造和发展,如何讲述清华文科恢复的意义、邀请自己参与学校的文科复建工作。当颜海平受邀回国参观关闭着的图书馆老馆、亲眼看到高校院系调整期间时任校长蒋南翔竭力留下的30余万册古籍善本和甲骨文、青铜器等珍贵文物时,内心感慨无比:上世纪二、三十年代的中国战火纷飞,但清华图书馆收藏的重要图书、刊物、文物等均表明清华人文学科建设的水准。这些都成为后来清华恢复人文社科专业的基础。

Yan Haiping recalled that leaders and professors in Tsinghua had been keeping concerns about her study and life abroad since the late 1980s when she was a PhD student in Cornell University. They often talked to her about the meanings of revitalizing liberal arts subjects and invited her to join in this reconstruction. When Yan Haiping came back and saw the old library being closed, and the precious 300,000 ancient manuscripts, oracles and bronze wares, left by the then-President Jiang Nanxiang, being untouched, she was filled with thoughts and emotions. In the 1920s to 1930s, China had been through wars and upheavals. But the important books, journals, cultural relics collected by Tsinghua were the proof of its power and foundations to rebuild its liberal arts subjects.

作为一名深谙清华人文传统的海外学者,颜海平坚信,恢复和发展人文学科对清华大学而言是师生们的共同意愿,是中华民族复兴所给予的历史使命。于是,她认真地回馈了清华的邀请,并从上世纪90年代起作为特邀客座教授多次到清华讲学。2014年9月正式担任清华大学外文系主任后,在主建、主持世文院工作的同时,她带领外文系完成了结构性转型——将原来以国别语种为单位的教研组改建为8个以学科发展方向为抓手的学科群,并开始考虑和筹建通过深入探索英语通识课程教学以传承清华“中西融汇、文理渗透”传统学理的清华大学语言教育中心。

 Yan Haiping, being an international scholar who knows too well about Tsinghua’s liberal arts traditions, said that revitalizing liberal arts subjects is a common wish for professors and students in Tsinghua and a historic mission given by the national rejuvenation. Thus, she carefully and seriously responded to Tsinghua’s invitation, and started to give lectures to Tsinghua as guest professor in 1990s. Since 2014, September, when she became dean of the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures, Yan Haiping has led the preparation and construction of IWLC while leading the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures through a structural transformation. It transforms the former teaching and research groups divided through languages to the current subject clusters divided by the developing direction of different subjects. Besides, Tsinghua Language Education Center, exploring English general education teaching and carrying forward the academic principles of “communicating China and the West, liberal arts and science”, is under consideration and construction.

她认为,对“四大导师”之一、语言学家赵元任工作的历史内容及其经验,现在需要全新的理解。当今中国需要(口)说(心)读(通)识三位一体的语言教学原则与路径,我们要建设“赵元任式英语教学体系”(英/外文人文语言教育),让学生在有限时间里获得非母语“有文化的正宗表达”之基础暨继续自学的能力。

 She believes that it is essential to renew our understanding to one of the “Four Tutors”, Zhao Yuanren’s work and experiences. China today needs a language teaching principle and path that emphasizes speaking ability, comprehension capacity and general knowledge. We must construct a “Zhao Yuanren style English teaching system”, namely, a humanity language teaching of English and foreign languages. This system equips students with educated native expressions of a non-native language, based on which their self-learning capacities are developed.

薪火传承,筚路蓝缕。百年清华,人文日新。近年来,清华大学将发展人文学科作为建设世界一流大学的一种战略决策,将培养一流人文学者作为一种办学理念突出出来。2016年,校长邱勇提出了“更创新、更国际、更人文”的目标,向人们昭示着清华大力发展文科的决心。

 Carrying forward the traditions means bearing with the difficulties. The hundrend-year-history of Tsinghua needs continuous innovations and updates. Over the past years, developing liberal arts subjects has been Tsinghua’s strategy to construct itself as a world first-class university. And cultivating first-class humanity scholars is highlighted as Tsinghua’s education principle. In 2016, President Qiu Yong set the goal of constructing Tsinghua to be more innovative, more internationalized, and more humanity-oriented, showing Tsinghua’s determination to develop its liberal arts subjects.

 “中国正在全方位地进入国际生活的所有核心地带。在可预见的10年至20年里,这一过程的继续将真正移动过去五个世纪的基本世界格局和文化秩序,其权重接近二战后英国暨欧洲移位和美国飙升的全球性结构变化,有国际能力的中国人才正在成为国内及全球各界和机构急需人才。”颜海平说,“如果说理工是强国之路,文化就是立国之本。自诞生起与国家同呼吸、与民族共命运的清华大学的人文学科,确实有着义不容辞的责任。”

 “China, with its comprehensive developments, is entering the core of international life. In the coming one or two decades, its entrance will modify the landscape of the world and the order of cultures that have been formed over the past five centuries. The influence of the entrance is similar with the changes in the Great Britain and Europe after the Second World War, and the development of the USA to the global structure. Chinese talents with international capacities are the talents in need by not only China but also the world,” said Yan Haiping. “If science and technology are essential to strengthening the national power, then culture is the root of a nation. Liberal arts in Tsinghua has been sharing the same outlook and destiny with China since its birth. There’s no doubt that Tsinghua has its responsibilities to consolidate national power and culture of our country.”

从2014年9月赴清华大学外文系上任推动外文学科建制改革,2016年4月主持成立世界文学与文化研究院并担任院长,2016年12月倡议发起中英高等教育人文联盟,到2017年4月受聘为清华学堂世文班首席教授,颜海平将自己在近30年跨国岁月中对人文学科的理解和对人文清华的信念融入了每天具体而踏实的工作中,正如她自己所说,“我们选择了一种存在的方式,即将最简单的生活和最高远的追求,作为彼此的抵达。”

In September, 2014, Yan Haiping has promoted the renewal of subject structures of the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures. In April, 2016, she has become the president of IWLC. In December, 2016, she has promoted to launch China-UK Association for the Humanities in Higher Education. Yan Haiping has been infusing her understandings of liberal arts given by her 30-years of experiences abroad and her belief in Tsinghua humanity to her everyday work. Just as what she said, “we have chosen a way of existence, namely, seeing the simplest life as the goal of the highest pursuit, and vice versa.”

来源:《21世纪英语教育》286期。


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